Uganda is a home to many tribes that speak different languages. Uganda has 56 tribes and about nine indigenous communities that formally came to be recognized in the 1995 constitution amendment of 2005. English is the official language of Uganda. Luganda and Swahili also widely spoken in most parts of the country. With the increasing Asian population, most Asian languages are spoken, there is also French, Arabic and Germany mainly in institutions where they are taught and at embassies. The following were the indigenous communities in Uganda as at 1st February, 1926 and how they appear in the 1995 constitution:
The Constitution (amendment) Act 2005 added Aliba, Aringa, Banyabutumbi, Banyaruguru, Barundi, Gimara, Ngikutio, Reli and Shana as indigenous communities of Uganda.
The Ik Culture – Beehives for Bride Price
The Ik is an endangered ethnic group in Africa believed to have originated from the Nile delta region during the decline of the Egyptian empire. Today there are about 11.217(Population survey 2011) Ik people living next to Kalimajong and Turkana people in the north eastern Uganda Mountains near the Kenyan boarder. The Ik people are substance farmers whose language belongs to the highly divergent Kuliak sub-group of Nilo-Saharan languages. They kept cattle and they were regularly raided by its neighbors. Due to constant raids, Ik left cattle keeping with the idea of staying in peace with the surrounding communities.
They stay in some twenty small villages along the escarpment between Timu forest in the north and Kidepo valley national park. Surrounded by outer walls, Ik are divided into small families “neighborhoods”. The main activity of the Ik people were hunting and gathering fruits not until 1960s when their land was declared a national park. They went to the mountains and started cultivation, hunting and beekeeping. Ik are said to have been the first people to migrate to the north eastern part of Uganda and they say that the word Ik means “the first one to migrate”. Children are expelled from households at the age of three to form their own groups and to have their own resources like food however this is done in order to survive as they were struck by two strong droughts that caused severe famine and other epidemics. These groups are formed to protect themselves from older children who would take their food.
This cultural heritage is very rich and waiting to be explored so spending a day with the Ik people together with its magnificent scenery of Morungole Mountain Kaabong district is simply dazzling. Surprisingly, the Ik people pay 5 to 10 bee hives as bride price instead of cattle. Other cultural habits like marriage and everyday life of these people are really resourceful. Depending on the number of beehives a man can marry as many wives as he wants. A respectable man owns as many as 50 beehives. Their honey is thick and natural and five liters cost around 20.000/=. The first wife is the most respected among other wives and inheritance is done after divorce.
The access to this place was not easy at all but thanks to US forest service that marked a trail to the Ik villages that has made access much easier however you have to be physically fit due to the ragged nature of mount Murongole which is at 2,749metres above the sea level. Ik are not all that educated apart from one lady at Kampala University who is to be the first graduate of the Ik. Apart from education, Tourism adds a little more income and value to the Ik community.
Hiking up to the Ik villages would be one of the supreme opportunities and experience that is very interesting and a great opportunity if added to your Uganda tour itinerary. As you are guided within the Ik villages, ask these people questions about their lifestyle, leadership and how they raise their children.
Enjoy their way of living, discover from them and you can as well enjoy their local beer with them to experience the flavor. This is a one-day Uganda safari trip that requires advance preparation and incorporation into the safari itinerary such that you can have a separate day off your Kidepo trip to visit the marginalized and endangered people.
In addition to her amazing wildlife safaris, Uganda is also a well-watered country with nearly one-fifth of the total area covered by open water and swampland. Discover four of East Africa’s vast Lakes including Lake Edward, Lake Albert, Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga that lie within Uganda or on its borders. The southeastern corner of the nation is dominated by Lake Victoria– the second largest inland freshwater lake in the world after Lake Superior that feeds the upper waters of the Nile River referred to in the region as the Victoria Nile.
There are a number of factors interestingly common between Uganda’s major lakes namely; Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga and Lake Edward. They’re all world-famous lakes in East Africa’s great region, they’re all fed by mighty rivers, and they all have not changed much in more than 100 years. They’re also part of a drainage system at the roof of the continent, as water from this region flows up to Mediterranean Sea. Lake Victoria drains into the Nile River-the world’s longest river. The over 4000 miles long river starts high in Jinja at the mouth of lake Victoria and travels northwest up to Egypt.
Explore the splendid open water bodies of central Uganda dominated by Lake Kyoga and its extended finger lakes including Lake Bugondo, Lake Opeta and Lake Kwania surrounded by swamplands. Lake Kyoga Basin’s lakes are all shallow, usually reaching a depth of only eight or nine meters and Lake Opeta forms a separate lake during dry seasons. Lake George, Lake Edward and Lake Albert occupy troughs in the western Rift Valley along the border with Democratic Republic of Congo.
River Nile Leaves Lake Victoria in Jinja at Owen Falls and descends as it travels toward the northwest widening to form Lake Kyoga. River Nile is later on joined by one of the tributaries Kafu River from the west before flowing north to Lake Albert. From Lake Albert, the Nile River is acknowledged as the Albert Nile as it flows to the Sudan border. Visit other dazzling Uganda’s rivers including the Katonga River that flows westward from Lake Victoria to Lake George. From the north, the Semliki River flows into Lake Edward where it drains parts of Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and forms a portion of the Uganda-DRC border.
East of Lake Albert, impressive waterfalls occur at Murchison Falls on the Victoria Nile River–the narrowest point on the falls where waters of the Nile pass through an opening barely eight meters wide. One of the tributaries of the Albert Nile–the Zoka River, drains the northwestern corner of Uganda, a region still popularly known as the West Nile although that name was not officially recognized in 1989. Other major rivers include the Achwa River in the north, the Pager River and the Dopeth-Okok River in the northeast and the Mpologoma River, which drains into Lake Kyoga from the southeast.
Most well-known crater lakes are located in the western part of western Uganda! Rain is completely responsible for filling up this lake, making it a clear source of fresh water.
The mountain gorillas are endangered species that are currently remaining in only three countries on the planet: Uganda, Rwanda and Democratic Republic of Congo. There about 900 mountain gorillas in these three countries however Uganda has half of the gorilla population in Bwindi impenetrable forest national park and other few in Mgahinga gorilla national park located in south western Uganda. gorilla safaris in Bwindi
The mountain gorillas are among the wild animals that are close to human beings with about 94.5% DNA similar to humans. This means that the gorillas have some typical human beings characteristics. Deep in the equatorial forest jungles of the Virunga volcanoes, the mountain gorillas live in groups led by silver backs (male mountain gorillas).
Mountain gorillas are dangerous animals and therefore easily attack intruders of their territories however in a struggle to enable tourists to visit these unique apes, most gorilla groups were habituated to make them get used to human beings (especially tourists) presence in their habitants. Today the habituated gorilla groups can be visited and some of them actually now freely pose for photographs- a typical human beings characteristic.
Habituated gorilla groups in Uganda
Bwindi impenetrable forest and Mgahinga gorilla national parks have a total of 12 habituated gorilla groups 11 of which can be found in Bwindi and the other in Mgahinga national park. All the gorilla groups in Uganda were named according to their character and the places they were first seen and are staying today.
All the 12-habituated gorilla groups can be found in the three major sectors in the area. The Buhoma sector is the most popular sector located in the northern part of Bwindi impenetrable national park with three gorilla groups which include Rushegura group with 19 gorilla members including one silverback, Habinyanja group with 17 gorilla members including two silverbacks and Mubare group with 8 gorilla members including 1 silverback and it’s the oldest habituated gorilla group in Uganda.
In the southern part of the parks, there are two sectors- Rushaga and Nkuringo. The Rushaga sector is made up of five gorilla groups that include: Busingye gorilla group having 9 gorilla members including 1 silverback, Nshongi gorilla group with 26 gorilla members including 4 silverbacks, Mishaya gorilla group with 12 gorilla members including 1 silverback and Kahungye gorilla group with 13 gorilla members including 3 silverbacks.
The Nkuringo sector has one gorilla group-Nkuringo group with 19 gorilla members including 2 silverbacks.
The eastern part of Bwindi has the Ruhija sector that is comprised of three gorilla groups which include Oruzogo gorilla group with 25 gorilla members including 2 silverbacks, Bitukura gorilla group with 14 members including 4 silverbacks and Kyaguriro group with 15 gorilla members including 2 silverbacks (the Kyaguriro group was mainly left for research and its not usually visited by tourists).
The Nyakagezi gorilla group is located in Mgahinga national park and has 10 gorilla members including 3 silverbacks. gorilla safaris in Bwindi
Getting gorilla permits
Gorilla tracking permits in Uganda can be got at the Uganda Wildlife Authority offices in Kampala or from a trusted tour operator at $600. Only 88 gorilla permits are issued out daily and only 8 tourists are allowed to track a gorilla group. This is done to minimize impact of behavioral change and disease spreading. This means that all tourists interested in viewing gorillas should make early bookings so that they do not miss. However in the low tourists season around April, May and November, gorilla permits are sold at $350 for foreign non-residents and $300 for foreign residents.
All the tourists interested in a gorilla safari should note that the gorilla trekking process has an age limit-Only individuals from 15 years and above are allowed.
Tourists are also very free to choose their preferred gorilla group in order to fully enjoy the gorilla experience. You are therefore advised to give in full details of your desired gorilla group to avoid misallocation. Mountain gorillas in Uganda can be trekked at any time of the year but best experiences can be got in the dry seasons.
Africa Adventure Safaris Limited is the only safari company that ensures that tourists gain money value while on a gorilla safari in Uganda. The company has well trained workers especially tour guides well equipped with gorilla tracking information and tips any tourist can be interested in.
Uganda is a spectacular area and one of the finest regions for the butterfly enthusiast. Uganda hosts about 33% of the total of all Afro tropical species with over 1,235 species of butterfly having been recorded in Uganda, 31 of which are endemic to Uganda Some 117 butterfly species are listed, all of which are found exclusively within the Albertine Rift. This does not include subspecies, of which there are approximately 700 subspecies.
The breakdown of species numbers for each family are the following; Papilionidae: 31 species, Pieridae: 99 species, Lycaenidae: 479 species, Nymphalidae: 447 species and Hesperiidae: 231 species. There are currently 35 species that are considered to be endemic within the country, the majority being from the Family Lycaenidae which contributes 80% of all endemic species. The smallest species are not bigger than a fingernail and the largest swallowtails are larger than the smallest birds. Butterflies provide aesthetic appeal and are connected with all plants and crops at all stages of their life cycle. The fact of the matter is that most butterfly species have an average lifespan ranging from 20 to 40 days. A few species may live up to nine months.
Butterflies can only see the colors red, green and yellow, they are dark colored because they need to absorb heat from the surrounding environment, do not have any chewing mouth parts, they are gifted with a tubular straw like appendage known as proboscis which enables them to sip nectar. Butterflies “smell” with their antennae and taste with their feet, they are one of the few creatures on earth that can orient themselves both in latitude and longitude. Male butterflies attract females by releasing pheromone chemicals (scent) from their abdomen.
Butterflies and moths are picky in choosing leaves for egg laying and when folded, a butterfly’s wings are usually much less colorful, providing instant camouflage from would-be predators. Butterflies are the only insect that has scales and it contain pigment, which in combination with light refraction gives butterflies their colors.
The great east African rift valley contains a wide variety of habitats and among them is the mountain of the moon-Rwenzori, savannah grasslands and woodlands, rain forests, gorges of Kyambura and Butiaba. We will explore these habitats, many of them protected within the National Parks, in search of a wealth of butterflies, as well as enjoying the area’s rich flora and many birds. Although butterflies are the main focus of our butterfly tours, we also take time to observe other wildlife on your visit to Uganda the Perl of Africa. Who can fail to be delighted by butterflies -the greatness and variety of their colors, their delicate beauty and fascinating life cycles? Visiting Uganda allows butterfly watching enthusiasts to observe most of the amazing species around the country.
Being amongst the most colorful and exceptional of invertebrate taxa, as well as diurnal inhabit, more is known about the ecology and taxonomy of butterflies than any other major insect group. Butterflies and moths are some of the most fascinating and eye-catching flying insects in the world. A vast majority is brightly colored and is found all over the world, except in the Antarctica region. They are indeed one of the planet’s most beautiful creatures. People from all walks of life, irrespective of race, color or religion enjoy these beautiful winged flying jewels for their delicate beauty mostly found in tropical rainforests.
In the heart of eastern Africa, Uganda harbors unique tropical forests, savannah, Africa’s highest mountains and an incredible amount of wildlife. It is a land of endless potential for the wildlife enthusiast. From great herds of elephants of the open savannah to an incredible abundance of birdlife, from the depths of a tropical rainforest to the depths of Lake Victoria and river Nile teeming with fish, Uganda is a treasure trove of natural wonders.
The country’s dramatically diverse geography has resulted in an enormous range of natural habitats, making Uganda one of the natural wonders of the world. Famous worldwide for its great friendly people and cultural centers, Uganda is also a stunningly diverse destination for birding and natural history. Uganda could keep a birder busy for a lifetime.
A remarkable composition of habitats in a relatively condensed area includes islands, mountains, forests, woodlands, wetlands and savannah. With 11% of the world’s species and over half of all bird species in Africa -over 1000 different varieties, Uganda’s birding is one of the best in the world. What a haven for birders and magnificent birds!
You are welcome to Uganda as it is safe and comfortable for travelers with excellent food and accommodation. Africa adventure safaris have more comprehensive tours, allowing time to properly see all species, including the more common and widespread birds that may be lifers for birders yet ignored by other tour operators. There are both migrant and breeding birds a person could reasonably expect to see in a sensible, fun designed itinerary to produce many special and exotic species of birds. Migrant birds are present from November to April. Many other sought-after birds are easily seen on several tours, and there are excellent chances to observe a number of classic and scarce tropical birds.
It holds some of the most remarkable birding sights to be seen anywhere! Come with us and you will bear witness to an array of unbelievable spectacles. From the world’s biggest bird (the Ostrich) to the endemic birds like Fox’s weaver and Stuhlmann’s double-collared sunbird to the most numerous of all birds , Uganda has a truly impressive variety and quantity (over 1000 species recorded) of bird species.
Best places for birding in Uganda
Uganda enjoys a favorable climate year-round, thanks to its abundant water sources and diverse vegetation, making it one of the best birding destinations in Africa. Birds from various parts of the world, including South Africa, Asia, and the USSR, migrate to Uganda throughout the year, adding to the country’s rich avian diversity. With a recorded count of approximately 1080 bird species, Uganda offers ample opportunities for bird watching.
Birding enthusiasts can explore Uganda’s national parks and forests, where a wide variety of bird species reside. Additionally, boat rides along the country’s water bodies provide excellent opportunities to spot numerous birds along the banks. Here are some of the top birding spots in Uganda:
Mabamba swamp
The protected area is situated on Lake Victoria and stands as one of the few places where the rare Shoebill Stork can be found. Other notable bird species include African and Lesser Jacanas, Pied Kingfisher, African Pygmy Goose, and Blue-breasted Bee-eater.
Murchison falls national park
This is Uganda’s largest national park, hosting 451 bird species. Some of these birds can be seen during game drives or boat cruises at the bottom of the falls. Among them are water birds, Albertine Rift endemics, and savanna forest birds. The Shoebill is a major bird attraction along the Albert Delta boat ride. Other notable birds include the Hamerkop, Rock Pratincole, Martial Eagle, Hugli’s Francolin, Dark Chanting Goshawk, and White-faced Whistling Duck.
Bwindi Impenetrable national park
The park is renowned for gorilla trekking, but birdwatching is also a popular activity with 350 bird species. It is home to Albertine Rift endemic birds and forest birds. Some of these avian inhabitants include Sherry’s Crimsonwing, Black-billed Turaco, Handsome Francolin, Purple-breasted, Blue-headed, and Regal Sunbirds, Western Bronze-naped Pigeon, White-bellied Robin Chat, Fraser’s Eagle, Mountain Masked, and Collared Apalis. You can spot these birds during gorilla trekking and nature walks.
Mgahinga National park
The park is situated in southwestern Uganda and is home to 180 bird species, some of which are Albertine Rift endemic birds. Among these avian residents are the Stripe-breasted Tit, Brown Woodland Warbler, Cape Robin, Greater Collared Sunbirds, Olive Pigeons, Western Green Tinkerbird, Rwenzori Batis, Archer’s Robin Chat, White-starred Robin, Kivu Ground Thrush, Brown-crowned Tchagra, and Scarlet-tufted. You can spot these birds during the tracking of the Nyakagezi gorilla family and nature walks in the forest.
Kibale forest national park
Kibale Forest is one of the best bird-watching destinations in Uganda, boasting over 350 bird species. In addition to chimpanzee tracking, bird watching is also popular here, thanks to the dense vegetation cover that supports diverse bird life. Some of the birds you can spot include the Great Blue Turaco, Papyrus Gonolek, Yellow-billed Barbet, Crowned Eagle, Papyrus Canary, White-winged Warbler, and Yellow-billed Barbet. These birds can be found in Bigodi Wetland, Magombe Swamp, and Kanyanchu.
Queen elizabeth national park
This is one of the most visited national parks in Uganda, and it is home to 600 bird species along with a variety of mammals.In Queen Elizabeth National Park, you can find a diverse range of birds, from those that live in forests and woodlands to the impressive 54 species of raptors. Additionally, there are water birds and migratory birds, adding to the park’s rich avian diversity. The park has many sectors, and each sector harbors different bird species. For instance, Mweya Peninsula has over 70 species, the Kasenyi area has 60 species, Lake Kikorongo, Katunguru Bridge, Ishasha sector, Kyambura Gorge, Katwe area, Maramagambo Forest and lake Munyanyange with flamingos.
Some of the birds you can find include the Black-lored babbler, Grey kestrel, martial eagle, African wattled plover, white-tailed lark, hooded vulture, and black-bellied bustard. Most of these bird species can be encountered during game drives and boat cruises at the Kazinga Channel. As you explore the park’s different sectors, you’ll have the opportunity to observe these beautiful bird species in their natural habitat.
Lake mburo national park
In addition to the impalas and zebras, Lake Mburo National Park is home to 351 bird species, which are commonly found in the marshy areas of Miriti at the salt lick, Rubanga and Warukiri forests, around the landing sites, and the Rwonyo camp. These birds include the grey crowned crane, coqui francolin, green wood-hoopoe, white-headed barbet, common scimitarbill, rufous-bellied heron, rare red-faced barbet, and bateleur.
These birds can be spotted during a boat cruise on Lake Mburo, game drives, and nature or community walks in the park. As you explore the park’s diverse habitats, you’ll have the opportunity to observe these beautiful avian species in their natural environment. So, don’t forget to bring your binoculars and camera to capture the stunning sights and sounds of the birds of Lake Mburo National Park.
Semliki national park
Nestled within the Albertine Rift Valley, the park is a treasure trove for bird enthusiasts, boasting an impressive diversity of avian species. With over 441 bird species, it offers ample opportunities for birdwatching in stunning natural surroundings.
The park’s most famous attraction is the Sempaya Hot Springs, renowned for their therapeutic waters and captivating geological features. These hot springs attract visitors from far and wide, offering a unique experience amidst the park’s lush landscapes.
Many of the park’s bird species can be found in the Semliki Riverine Forest, along the banks of the River Kirumia, and in the Ntandi area. Among these species are the Xavier’s greenbul, Ross’s turacos, Great Blue, Yellow-throated Nicator, Red-billed Dwarf Hornbill, and Western Bronze-naped Pigeon.
Budongo forest
Nestled on the edge of the Albertine Rift Valley within Murchison Falls National Park lies the forest reserve, a haven for wildlife enthusiasts and bird watchers alike. With its diverse ecosystem, the reserve is home to an impressive array of flora and fauna, including over 350 species of birds.
Among the inhabitants of the forest are chimpanzees, along with other primate species such as olive baboons, red-tailed monkeys, and black and white colobus monkeys. These primates add to the richness of the reserve’s biodiversity, offering visitors the opportunity to observe these fascinating creatures in their natural habitat.
For bird enthusiasts, the forest reserve is a paradise. With its varied habitats and abundant food sources, it supports a diverse avian population. Some of the bird species that call this forest home include the spotted greenbul, blue-throated roller, rufous-crowned Elemomela, white-thighed hornbill, chocolate-backed kingfisher, fire-crested Alethe, and blue-breasted kingfisher.
Rwenzori mountains
Located in western Uganda, the park boasts six massifs, each separated by deep gorges, creating a stunning landscape. But it’s not just the scenery that attracts visitors, the park is also home to a remarkable array of bird species. In fact, there are a total of 177 different types of birds that call this park their home.
Among these avian residents are some truly captivating species. From the colorful Rwenzori Turaco to the majestic Black Eagles and Bearded Vultures, the park offers birdwatchers a chance to spot a diverse range of feathered friends. Other notable species include the Long-eared Owl, Cinnamon-chested Bee-eater, Ladens Bush-shrike, and the Slender-billed Starling.
For those keen on birdwatching, mountain climbing in the park provides an excellent opportunity to catch a glimpse of these magnificent creatures. As you ascend the massifs, keep your eyes peeled for the White-starred Robin, Archer’s Robin Chat, and the stunning Golden-winged and Blue-headed Sunbirds.
Lutembe bay
Lutembe Bay, located in the Lake Victoria Basin, is a haven for millions of birds, both migratory and indigenous. This area serves as a habitat for over 200 different bird species, offering a diverse and vibrant ecosystem for avian life. Among these species, 26 are migratory, traveling from the Palearctic region to Lutembe Bay for various reasons.
Some of the notable migratory birds found in Lutembe Bay include the African Pygmy Kingfisher, Holub’s Golden Weaver, White-winged Black Tern, African Green Pigeon, Lead-colored Flycatcher, Sooty Chat, Tropical Boubou, and Brown-backed Scrub Robins. These birds, along with many others, contribute to the rich biodiversity of Lutembe Bay, making it a prime destination for birdwatchers.
Uganda’s top bird species
In Uganda, there are special places where you can find certain birds. Luckily, Uganda has many of these spots for people who love birds. If you go on a birding trip, you can see these lovely species. An expert bird watcher can spot over 100 different kinds of birds in just one day. It’s best to start your bird watching early in the day. This gives you the best chance of seeing some really remarkable and beautiful birds. These are the top bird species that are found in Uganda.
The orange fox weaver is a unique bird found only in Uganda, specifically in the northeastern region between Lake Opeta and Bisina, south of the Pian Upe Wildlife Reserve.
The shoebill stork is commonly found in marshy areas, such as the Albert Delta side of Murchison Falls National Park, Lake Mburo National park, Makanga bay and Mabamba Swamp.
Shelley’s crimson wing is a bird native to the Albertine Rift Valley and is primarily found in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park.
The Rwenzori turaco is another bird from the Albertine Rift Valley, commonly spotted in the Rwenzori region. It’s known for its distinctive red head.
The African green broadbill is another bird unique to the Albertine Rift Valley, specifically located in Bwindi National Park within the Ruhija and Buhoma sectors.
The Doherty’s bush shrike is also found in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park.
The green-breasted pitta is found in Kibale National Park.
The black-breasted barbet is a bird native to the Albertine Rift Valley, specifically found in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park.
The bar-tailed trogon can be found in both Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and Mabira Forest.
The short-tailed warbler is another bird species that can be found in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park.
The standard-winged nightjar is a bird that is found only in Queen Elizabeth National Park.
Although Uganda has only two Endemic birds (Fox’s weaver and Stuhlmann’s double-collared sunbird), 23 Albertine Endemics occur here and are difficult or even impossible to find somewhere else including rare and localized Shoebill, rare and near-endemic Red-throated alethe, Black-headed lapwing, African jacana, Yellow-throated long claw, African green broadbill, Dwarf Honey guide, Archer’s robin-chat, Blue-headed sunbird, Chapin’s flycatcher, Hartlaub’s turaco, Ruwenzori Batis, Ruwenzori Nightjar, Ruwenzori Turaco and Yellow-eyed black flycatcher. Travelling for birding safari in Uganda is good all-year round so you can visit any time of the year!
Things to carry during your birding safari in Uganda
It’s essential to pack the right gear for your birding safari in Uganda. Make sure to bring along long-sleeved shirts and trousers to protect yourself from the elements, as well as binoculars, a map of the location, drinking water, and a photography camera. While birding can be enjoyed year-round, weather conditions may affect your experience. The best time for bird watching is during the dry season, from January to February and June to August. During these months, trails are dry and easier to navigate, allowing for uninterrupted bird watching.
The period from May to September is also excellent for birding, as there is less rain, and food for birds is abundant. From November to April, migratory birds can be found in Uganda’s national parks, adding to the diversity of species.
For optimal birding, mornings are the best time of day, as bird activity tends to be highest during this time. Keep in mind that parks may be crowded during the high season, so planning your visits accordingly can help you avoid crowds and maximize your birding experience.
In addition to birding, Uganda offers a wide range of adventurous and exciting activities, such as mountain gorilla trekking, chimpanzee trekking, and mountain climbing. Many birding itineraries include these activities, allowing visitors to enjoy a diverse array of experiences during their time in Uganda.
Kibale Forest National Park offers an outstanding environment for Primate trekking and bird watching. With an area of 560 square kilometers, Kibale is a habitat to notable 13 primate species, including the much localized red colobus and L’Hoest’s monkeys. Kibale forest major attention-grabbing activity is the tracking of habituated chimpanzees (1,450 chimpanzees registered). Naturally, chimpanzees are very much interrelated to humans than to any other living creatures and they are admirable to watch as they fall out and engage in amusement in the rich vegetation.
A column of trails sheltered by the forest provides much enjoyment to botanists and butterfly lovers, while bird watchers are in for satisfaction with 335 species recorded including the common Prirogrine’s ground thrush.
There are also 4 species recorded nowhere else in Ugandan national parks: Nahan’s Francolin, blue-headed bee-eater, masked Apalis, and Cassin’s Spinetail. Other bird species are the Red-winged Francolin, White-naped pigeon, Green-breasted Pitta, Abyssinian Ground Thrush, White-bellied Fly-catcher, Red-chested Flufftail, Uganda woodland Warbler, Chestnut-winged Starling, Tiny Sunbirds, Joyful Greenbul, Petit’s Cuckoo-Shrike, Grey-winged Robin, and Grey-headed Olive-back.
Kibale Forest acquired the National Park status in 1993 and has at least 60 registered mammal species. Among these consist of elephants, buffaloes, bushpigs, duikers and bats. The nine diurnal primates present in Kibale Forest include vervet, black and white colobus, vervet monkeys, olive baboon, and chimpanzees. The elusive forest elephant, smaller and hairier than its savannah counterpart, moves seasonally into the developed part of the park, while other worldly animals like the buffalo, giant forest hog and a half dozen antelope species. Kibale is mainly occupied by Batooro and Bakiga who habitually use the forest for food, fuel, building materials and medicines.
Kibale Forest National Park Tourist Activities
The main stimulating tourist activities are available at Kanyanchu River Camp. Here tour guides who are knowledgeable with information about elephants, reptiles, butterflies, amphibians, elephants, chimpanzees, medicinal plants plus many fauna and floras are gladly available to share it with anyone paying attention.
Kibale Primate Walks.
Tourists stride from Kanyanchu River Camp in the morning at 8.00 am or afternoon at 3.00 pm. It’s an exciting walk that lasts between 2 – 4 hours. This primate walk enables you to spot a different plant and animal species in the forest. Four groups of four visitors are entertainment in the morning and similar group sizes in the afternoon.
Chimpanzee Habituation (Training) Experience.
This activity focuses on de-sensitizing chimpanzees to human presence while maintaining their natural behavior. During habituation process, one sees chimps getting-out of the nests between 5.30 am and 6.30 am and keeps follow-up to when building nests for their sleeping between 6.30 pm and 7.30 pm in the evening. Habituation starts from Kanyanchu River Camp.
Kibale Forest Hike.
The walking of 12 km is made only during the dry seasons, that from November to February and June to September and gives a visiting opportunity to the diverse park sanctuaries like the tropical rain forest, grassland, swamp and riverine forest. Walking by and large starts at 8.00 am up to when elephant wallow around 2.00 pm. This hiking exposes primates and birds you to many. Taking packed lunch is good for this hike.
Long Distance Walk
Persons who want adventuring and significantly get pleasure from the Forest’s wildlife, a 63 km guide walk from either Sebitoli or Kanyanchu and end at either site as you walk for 2 – 6 days through various sanctuaries and community campsites at Nyakarongo, Nyaibanda and Kinoni where you will enjoy the traditional dance and offered local food dishes is reasonably worthwhile.
Ideal time for visiting Kibale National Park.
One can visit the park during any time of the year.
Accommodation.
1. Primate Lodge Kibale – located in the middle of the forest at where the chimp tracking commences from, it has charming restaurant, bar and fire place for pleasant evenings. Preparations for modern bandas, luxury tents and a comfortable Sky Tree House are underway.
2. Kanyanchu River Camp- excellent accommodation for visitors who stay in the Sky Tree House overlooking the spectacular elephant wallow. The Sky Tree House accommodates 2 people only.
3. Sebitoli Forest Centre – this one has a capacity of 11 beds (2 doubles, 3 singles and 2 twins).
4. Mantana Luxury Tented Camp – in the middle of the forest, it’s a bush type comfortable accommodation.
5. Ndali Lodge – a luxury accommodation with thatched cottages overlooking a crater lake.
6. Budget lodges at Bigodi, the crater lakes; an observation tower and a boardwalk that traverses the papyrus beds. The path and boardwalk may be flooded and muddy after heavy rain and gumboots are recommended. They can be hired at the visitor centre. The walk is about 4 km in length, taking 3-4 hours at birding pace. With all proceeds from eco-tourism going back into the community, this is a conservation project well worth supporting.
ACCESSING KIBALE FOREST NATIONAL PARK
Drive from Kampala to Fort Portal (320kms) then take a road to Kamwenge that commences from near the bridge over the Mpanga River in Fort Portal and is well signposted. Drive turning to left at the junction 12 km from Fort Portal and read the signpost for another 24 km drive to Kanyanchu Tourist Centre.
KIBALE FOREST REGULATIONS
1. Please note that this is not a Zoo so it is a tropical rainforest and sightings depend on factors such as time of the day fruit availability, weather and how quite the primate group is.
2. The maximum number of people in a group is 4 visitors per guided walk
3. The maximum time allowed with the chimps is one hour; however, the time might be shortened under the guide’s discretion to eliminate stressful situations for the chimps
4. When trekking, you are advised to remain in a tight group and follow the guides directions at all times.
5. Please remain at a distance of 8 meters from the chimps or the distance that your guide recommends
6. Under no circumstance shall you chase while they descend or to or walk on higher ground.
7. You are advised not to enter the forest if you are sick as this can put the animals at serious risk
8. Please refrain from eating near the chimps and other primates
9. Please do not shout in the forest
10. It’s advisable to wear long boots that cover your toes and long trousers as there are red ants and slippery trails, also carry along water proof clothing in the rainy season.
11. Children under 15 years are not allowed to view the chimps for safety reasons.
12. If you need to urinate please do so off the trail system.
13. If you need to defecate, please do so off the trail system and bury all in the hole all waste.
Gorilla trekking has been widely acknowledged as one of the most exhilarating and venerated safari adventures on the planet. Looking in the eyes of the gentle giants and one of the most endangered great apes in their natural habitat is what every traveler longs for.
The endangered mountain gorilla is only found in Uganda, Rwanda and Democratic Republic of Congo and its population is estimated to be not more than 880 individuals according to the 2012 census of which half is in Uganda. According to the results from the census, Bwindi has 400 gorillas while Mgahinga Gorilla National Park has 80 gorillas that often roam between Congo, Rwanda and Uganda. In total Uganda has 480 gorillas that live in 39 families or groups though only 13 are habituated.
The survival to the mountain gorilla generation in the Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda is greatly accredited to the foundation and campaign laid by the American zoologist who started her arduous research about the species in 1967 and carried on up to her poignant murder in 1985 at a place that was later to be known as Karisoke in the current Volcanoes NP.
Rwanda shelters a population of about 320 gorillas according to the last census and the remaining are in Democratic Republic of Congo. It is however important to note that the Mountain gorillas in the three countries are in two categories; those habituated and those which are not (wild). Tracking is done only to those, which are habituated and are not bothered about the presence of tourists.
Following the frequent insurgencies in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Virunga national park that shelters these gentle apes was closed and regarded unsafe for tourists since last year. This left this breathtaking gorilla safari adventure to be only done in Uganda and Rwanda.
The tracking rules are all the same in both countries where by only one hour is allowed for a tourist to look in the eye of the endangered Mountain Gorilla. Not more than 8 people are allowed to visit any particular gorilla group in a day in order to show respect and avoid any negative social or psychological impact on the life of a gorilla.
Uganda currently has 12 habituated Gorilla groups for tracking and one for research. The Gorilla families include;
Mubare, Habinyanja, and Rushegura families in Buhoma section, while Ruhija section shelters Bitukura and Oruzogo families and Nkuringo family is the only one in Nkuringo area. Nshongi, Mishaya, Kahungye, Bweza and Busingye families inhabit Rushaga area and the last family of Nyakagezi inhabits the Mgahinga Gorilla National park. Nyakagezi used to roam across borders of the 3 countries, but when the family got a baby, they settled on Ugandan side.
The Kyaguriro Gorilla family in Ruhija area has been set apart for research and is always used to learn more about the life of the Mountain Gorilla.
Rwanda on the other hand, has 10 gorilla families, allowing up to 80 gorilla permits per day. The families include;
The Susa family that was originally studied by Dian Fossey and inhabits the slopes of Mt. Karisimbi together with Susa B (Karisimbi family) that broke away from Susa. Sabinyo family which is the smallest and most easily accessed on the slopes of Mt. Sabinyo, Amahoro family known as the most peaceful of all families and Umubano family which broke away from Amahoro. The 13 group also Known as Agashya family, Kwitonda family, Hirwa family, Bwenge and Ugenda families are the other gorilla families in this ‘Land of a thousand hills’.
Tracking Experience
The tracking experience is slightly different in both countries because of additional qualities although the real tracking activity is more less the same. The process one goes through to get a gorilla permit whether by a tour operator or directly from responsible government bodies (UWA and RDB) is largely similar.
However, the prices for the gorilla permits vary with the countries. Whereas Rwanda sells its permit at $750, Uganda gives it away at $600 during the peak seasons. The reason for the difference in the prices of the two permits is not clear though some one may reason it from the different points of view.
First, one would not be far from guessing right if he attributes the difference to the cost of the entire tour (including transport and accommodation). Rwanda’s Volcanoes national park is about 2 hours drive from the capital Kigali where as Uganda’s Bwindi national park is almost a day’s drive from the capital Kampala. This means that it is more costly to reach Bwindi from Kampala than it is from Kigali to Volcanoes. Therefore the lost price for Uganda puts in consideration the extra costs one will incur to reach the gorillas.
Another person will be equally right to say that the difference is as a result of urgency and accessibility in relation to distance. It should be noted that one can track gorillas in Volcanoes and get back on the flight to go home in one day which is impossible with Bwindi due to the long distances. This makes the Rwandan permit to be more costly since it addresses urgent needs unlike the Ugandan one.
Whereas Rwanda can offer a 1 day and 2 days gorilla tours, the shortest for Uganda gorilla tours would be a 3 days with one day of travelling to the park, another for tracking and another for the return journey. This impacts on someone’s expenditure and as one stays longer hence the variation in the prices for the two permits.
May be also the historical attachment of the two destinations may be playing a leading role in adding more value to one destination. Volcanoes national park is known for the Dian Fossey research and conservation campaign. It is where the grave of this courageous lady lies next to that of her beloved Gorilla called Digit. This could be drawing the attention of many travelers who have heard of her poignant story hence tempting Rwanda to hike the permit price to limit the tourist numbers since Gorillas need to also be protected from being overwhelmed by the tourists’ presence.
The real tracking procedure and experience may be almost similar except for volcanoes national park, guests are given a cup of coffee or tea at the briefing center and are also given some cultural entertainment which is not the case for Uganda. However, there is also entertainment in Uganda but this is mostly at the lodges and may even come with an extra cost.
The other minor difference is that in the Volcanoes NP, Gorillas often inhabit the slopes of the volcanoes in the light bamboo forests which provide a clearer environment for photography where as in Bwindi, the gorillas are found in the dense thick forests of this ancient rainforest.
Though some people have believed that generally gorilla tracking in Rwanda is less strenuous than in Uganda, it has been evidenced that both gorillas live in their natural habitats and are therefore unpredictable. There have been cases of people who have tracked in both countries and have seen the gorillas easier in Uganda than the time they spent searching for them in Rwanda. It should be noted that the time one spends in search for the gorillas is never certain and depends on the gorilla family one is tracking, although some families regarded to be easier to see may also not be easy to see at times. It all depends on some one’s luck since the gorillas wonder around their habitat in such for food and therefore have no appointment with visitors.
Tracking in Rwanda is best suited for those with short time schedules who are only interested in Gorilla tracking. This is why some people have gone ahead to track in Rwanda and still have to cross to Uganda to experience the diversity of nature. It works well for those who are interested in Gorillas and other wildlife to track in Uganda and then have a chance to see other wildlife in Queen Elizabeth NP, Kibale and Murchison Falls NP. The profusion of Wildlife in Uganda is almost unequaled in the region hence becoming a great destination for most travelers.
No specific recommendation on which country one should track the gorillas from since both offer equal opportunities to see the gentle giants and there is no difference between the species in these countries. It is paramount to note that the choice of the country to track gorillas from will depend on one’s budget, time schedule and one’s additional interests apart from the gorillas which will vary from one individual to another.
Murchison Falls Conservation Area is the biggest protected area in Uganda covering about 5,025 kilometres which comprise of Murchison Falls National Park, Bugungu Wildlife Reserve and Karuma Falls Wildlife Reserves and in the Southern part, Budongo Forest. For excellent wildlife safaris in Uganda, Murchison Falls National Park is a must go.
The expansive Murchison Falls National park is named after the amazing ‘falls’ on River Nile, which meets a gap in the Rift Valley Escarpment, then it changes into bubbles of noisy white water, a rare site in East Africa. At this point, it is where River Nile explodes down to become a composed river whose banks are thronged with buffaloes, hippos, waterbucks and crocodiles. The park vegetation is defined by nice-looking savanna, riverine forest and woodland. Murchison Falls National Park lies at the northern end of Albertine rift valley, where the large Bunyoro escarpment joins together with the vast plains of Acholi region.
Mammals & Bird Species
The park mammals figure to more than 76 species, which include giraffes, elephants, hartebeests, lions, leopards, chimpanzees, spotted hyenas, kobs, bushbuck, waterbuck, oribis, jackal and many others. There are over 450 bird species.
Tourist Activities in Murchison Falls National Park
At Murchison Falls National Park, the 3-hour launch cruise and back begin from Paraa by the Nile up to the Murchison Falls (17 km), in a move to spot elephants, buffaloes, waterbucks, bee-eaters, hippos, crocodiles, water birds related cormorants, pelicans, Kingfishers, herons, Ducks, fish eagle, shoebill stork. Trek to “top of the falls”, to see closer from the top the charging and stunning Murchison Falls. Game drives north of river Nile and at Lake Albert Delta’s Buligi, Albert and Queen’s tracks. Sport fishing (Nile Perch and tiger fish) in river Nile above and down the falls, chimpanzee trekking and birding in Budongo Forest and Kanyiyo Pabidi Forest Reserve are done.
Bird Watching
The park has blue-napped mousebird, Spotted Mourning Thrush, Silver Bird, Bluff-bellied Warbler, Black-headed Batis, Black-headed Gonolek, Chestnut-crowned Sparrow-weaver, Vitelline Masked Weaver plus the Green-winged Ptyilia are amongst the many bird species seen between Paraa Rest Camp and during the ferry crossing. This is also the most excellent place to see the local white-rumped seed-eater. By and large, the Spotted and Verreaux’s Owls and an excess of impressive Nightjars, like the Long-tailed and Pennat-winged Nightjar (Especially between March-September) and predominantly the night-time species commonly seen in this area. A number of bird species like Goliath Heron, Saddle-billed Stork, Grey-crowned Crane, Long-toed Plover, whilst African Fish Eagle and African Skimmer are also common in this area. The Fox’s Weaver Uganda’s only common bird is also there. The amazing Standard-winged Nightjar (November-February) and with a portable spotlight, one could organize a night boat trip on the Nile river in search for White-backed Night Heron and Pel’s Fishing Owl.
Game Viewing
In the blowy early morning on the Buligi, Albert and Queen’s tracks north of the river Nile before the sun ascend too high, you will notice an abundance of animals. Picnicking, good charming view of elephants and other game watching on the green hillsides and the sand river are among activities at Nyamusika Cliffs. You get set for a four hour drive with the help of an experienced guide.
Launch Cruise on the Nile
One of the most amazing highlights of a trip to Murchison Falls Conservation Area is the launch trip from Paraa to the bottom of Murchison Falls. There are many Hippos and crocodiles, elephants, buffaloes, waterbucks and birds like; Herons, Cormorants, Ducks, Bee-eaters, Fish Eagles, Kingfishers, and the dazzling Shoebill. The trip from Paraa to the falls and back takes about three hours. A boat trip to the Delta where the Victoria Nile engorges into Lake Albert leads through papyrus swamps. The trip takes about four to five hours and you will see a similar diversity of animals and birds.
Sport Fishing
Sport Fishing is largely done at the base of the falls. The fish is either from the rocks on the banks of the river or somewhat lower downstream in the water. Access to the fishing spots is either by boat from a point downstream or by walking down the gorge to the river from the top of the falls. It is a long sharp climb back up for about 45 minutes for a persuasively strong person and hence most people tend to go fishing equipped for the day to avoid climbing up in the heat of the day. Baits can used to catch fish like Nile perch and various species of cat fish. We recommend a rod between 11feet (3 metres) and 8 feet (2.4 metres) together with a fixed spool or multiplier roll.
Nature Trails
Murchison Falls Conservation Area gives one an opportunity to discover and press forward to the wild nature even as on foot. Paraa trailing goes via riverine forest, gullies and short hills. Scores of fauna and flora species are closely, directly and mutely seen along the way. Nature walks are provided at Rabongo Forest, top of the falls and Kaniyo Pabidi.
Top of the Falls
Travelers trail walk to the falls and right up to the water’s edge. There is a chance to trek to the top of the falls from the boat landing and come closer to the narrow gap via which the river pushes through.
Kaniyo Padibi
Kaniyo Pabidi is exceptional for nature walks and hikes for chimpanzee tracking as the fundamentally done activity. Kaniyo Pabidi is on the Masindi – Paraa road, 8 kilometers from Kichumbanyobo gate. It is an area of natural forest within Budongo Forest Reserve, perfect for walking under mature mahogany and flatten wood trees. Besides chimps, one can watch many forest birds like the chocolate backed Kingfisher, Hornbill with white thighs and Puvell’s Illadopsis found nowhere else in the East African region apart from here. Kaniyo Pabidi has a campsite with water and firewood for use as one may desire and the place is clandestinely run by the Forestry Department.
Rabongo Forest
Rabongo Forest is admirable for nature walking and primate tracking. It is a place of moist riverine forest in the south-east of the conservation area. It is encircled by savanna plains, an hour and a half drive from Paraa. A nature march in the forest on foot facilitates one spot primates like the black and white Colobus monkeys, the red-tailed monkeys, baboons and chimpanzees plus birds, medicinal plants and trees. At the River Wairingo is a picnic site with a campsite where one can also reside at the well-equipped Ecotourism centre forest cottages.
Murchison Falls NP Accommodation
Murchison Falls National Park offers accommodation at the camp sites on top of the falls plus the traditional and self-contained bandas are made available. Toilets or pit latrines/showers or bathing shelters are also at these sites. Accommodation facilities are of various kinds, like the luxury safari lodges and the basic campsites.
Accommodation Facilities
· Paraa Safari Lodge
· Sambiya River Lodge
· Nile Safari Camp
· Paraa Rest Camp (has nice self-contained bandas).
· Rabongo Eco-Tourism Centre (good cottages)
· Red Chilli Rest Camp
· Kaniyo Padibi Camp
NOTE: Tourists can also sleep in Masindi Town and connect to the park the next morning.
Access to Murchison Falls National Park
Murchison Fall National Park can be reached by air or by road covering about 305 km from Kampala spending 5hours on the way. Charter flights can land at airstrips north of the Nile at Pakuba (19kms from Paraa) and south at Bugungu (13kms from Paraa). Paara covers a distance of about 85km from Masindi town by the shortest route. A longer route will cover an area of about 135km. You can also access Paara from the north through Chobe Gate, Karuma Falls along with Tangi. The Gate, close to Pakwach covers an area of about 25km to Paara in addition to Wankwar Gate close by Purongo.
Whereas Queen Elizabeth national park has almost all mammals that exist in Murchison Falls national park, the latter boasts of the giraffes and the spectacular falls.
Queen Elizabeth National Park has a geographical area of 1,978 sq.km (764 sq. miles) and is 5 times bigger than Lake Mburo national park. As one of the most accepted and admired game reserves for anyone with a keen interest in wildlife safaris, stunning nature and attractive view, Queen Elizabeth National was long-established in 1954 and named after Queen Elizabeth II of United Kingdom.
Geographically, the park runs from the foothills of the Rwenzori crater in the north to the shores of Lake Edward to the remote Ishasha River in the south, Lake George and Kazinga Channel, combining a widespread diversity of habitats like savanna, wetlands and lowland forests amongst others.
Queen Elizabeth national park (QENP) is prominent for its wildlife like hippopotamuses, elephants, leopards, lions and chimpanzees and many others and it is a dwelling place for over 95 species of mammal and over 600 species of birds. The park is distinguished for its volcanic features, comprising volcanic cones and vast craters, many with crater lakes such as Lake Katwe where a lot of salt is mined.
QENP has different habitats including Maramagambo Forest, the savannah plains of Kasenyi, the Kyambura escarpment and the Kazinga Channel among others. The park borders with Kigezi and the Virunga National Park of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC); and Kyambura Game Reserves in the west, Kibale National Park in the East and the Rwenzori Mountains in the north.
A short synopsis of Queen Elizabeth National Park
1. Size: 1978 Square Kilometres
2. It’s found in Kasese, Bushenyi and Rukungiri district
3. Over 600 bird species
4. Best time for touring in the park: December – February
5. Ideal time for the tour, 2-3 days
6. Height above sea level Range: 900 metres on Lake Edward to 1845 metres above sea level at the top of Escarpment of the Western Rift Valley
7. Habitat: Medium elevation humid partly-deciduous forests, moist thicket, riparian forest, riverine bush land, open woodland, open grassland, seasonal and permanent swamps, lakes and rivers.
Key Bird Species
Queen Elizabeth National Park is home to a number of Africa birds including the African Mourning Dove, Grey-headed Kingfisher, Swamp Fly-catcher, Grey-capped Warbler, The beautiful Black-headed Gonolek, Collard Pranticles, Pin-tailed Whyda Martial Eagle, Gabon and Slender-tailed Nightjars, Great and Long-tailed Cormorants, Black-rumped Buttonquail, Common Squaco Heron, Shoebill Stork, African Open-billed Stork, African Fish Eagle, African Jacana, Malachite and Pied Kingfishers, African Skimmer, Verreaux’s Eagle-Owl, Black Bee-eater, White-tailed Lark, White-winged Warbler, Papyrus Gonolek, Papyrus Canary, Great white and Pink-backed Pelicans, White-winged Terns, among others.
Activities in the Park:
(a) Wildlife safaris/ Game viewing
(b) Boat rides on the Kazinga Channel that links Lake Edward to Lake George.
(c) Bird watching,
(d) Guided nature walks
(e) Chimpanzee trekking
Kazinga Channel
BIRD WATCHING TOURS
The main camp at Mweya is attractively positioned with fine views of the Rwenzori Mountains a number of extensive bush species may be seen in the environs of the airstrip. Along the airstrip, you watch for the African Mourning Dove, Grey-capped Warbler, Grey-headed Kingfisher, Yellow-backed and Lesser Masked Weavers, Swamp Fly-catcher, The Beautiful Black-headed Gonolek, Red-chested sunbird, Slender-billed, Pin-tailed Whydah and brimstone Canary, Gabon and Slender-tailed Nightjars.
The Kazinga channel is a crowd-puller for water birds, a launch cruise on the channel exposes bird species like the Great-white and Pink-backed Pelicans, Great and Long-tailed Cormorants, Common Squaco Heron, African open-billed Strok, White-faced Whistling and Knob-billed Ducks, African Fish Eagle, Black Crake, African Jacana, Water Thick-knee, Spur-winged and African Wattled Plovers, Malachite and Pied kingfishers, Swamp flycatchers and Yellow backed Weavers are all common and conspicuous.
A number of migrants hit the highest point in February and March and are nothing short of incredible with hundreds of thousands of White-winged Terns hovering over the water, millions of common sand Martins and Yellow -wagtails roosting in reed-beds and lesser numbers of palaeartic waders like the Ringed Plover, Little Stint, Curlew Sandpipers, Common Snipe, Black-tailed Godwit, Marsh, common and Wood sandpipers, Spotted Redshank and widespread Greenshank feed along the swampy outer edges.
A number of uncommon species have been recorded from the hippo wallows along the channel including Eurasian Wigeon, Common Teal, Northern Pochard, Mongolian Plover and Jack Snipe. Hundreds of African Skimmers may well be seen roosting on sandbars near the way in to Lake Edward but are migrants from southern tropics and regularly at hand only from December to May. The Kazinga channel may also be viewed from the Katungururu Bridge on the Mbarara-Kasese main road where Pelicans, Terns, Greater Swamp and winged Warblers, Winding and Carruther’s Cisticolas and Papyrus Gonolek may be noticed.
THE ISASHA SECTOR
The Ishasha sector is a part of Queen Elizabeth National Park and boasts of many herbivorous animals. The Ishasha sector is a home to tree-climbing lions that are at times spotted resting in the branches of the huge fig trees in the area. Even though tree lions are not easy to spot, the guides of Queen Elizabeth National Park record sightings on a daily basis, they therefore have a good plan about their whereabouts in the park. The fig trees which the lions climb, stretch out along the roads in the Ishasha sector, offering to you an opportunity of noticing the lions close to the vehicle, giving you a clear platform for taking pictures.
Around the Ishasha Sector, there are accommodation facilities that include; the Wilderness Camp is an special tented camp that offers superior lodging in the natural isolated southern sector of Queen Elizabeth Park, the Ishasha Wilderness Camp is another excellent part for exceptional game viewing opportunities, with a wide variety of buffalo, elephants, kobs, topi and many more.
MARAMAGAMBO FOREST
Maramagambo Forest is among the biggest forests in Uganda with medium altitude humidity. The distinctiveness of such forest is more and more becoming uncommon in Africa. It has very fantastic lakes and craters. It is the single place in the park where one could find Blue Lakes.
Other outstanding attractions in the forest consist of; primates like L’host monkeys, Chimpanzees, bush baby, baboons, vervet monkeys, red-tailed monkeys and many more. Owing to its location, Maragambo has a high variety of butterflies. The bat and the hunters cave are the other enjoyable experiences that the forest has and not forgetting the many bird species.
THE NORTHERN CRATER AREA
This place has a scenic area of explosion craters, some containing salt lakes, formed by volcanic activity some thousand years ago. Some of these craters are dry. These characteristic stunning vantage points are waterless during the dry season.
ACCESS
The journey to Queen Elizabeth National Park is something like 5 to 6 hours drive from Kampala going through Mpigi, Masaka, Lyantonde, Mbarara, Bushenyi and is also easy to get to from Bwindi Impenetrable Forest. The park is easily reached by road or air transport. The Main Camp and Park Headquarters at Mweya is a well-located base for exploring the places in the northern part of the park, at the same time as the road network running from Ishasha Camp and Ranger Post, 80 kms to the south, gives a right of way into the Ishasha Sector.
ACCOMMODATION in Queen Elizabeth National Park
1. Mweya Safari Lodge – the 5-star luxury lodge is perfect for relaxation, it has swimming facilities and different bird species can be seen around the area.
2. Jacana Safari Lodge – it is a luxury lodge on the banks of a crater lake and very superb for relaxation and refreshment for paramount relieve.
3. Simba Safari Camp – this safari accommodation is on the hill on the border of the national park giving extraordinary views of Lake George, the Kazinga Channel and the savannah plains.
4. The Institute of Ecology – it is a basic hostel accommodation style.
5. Mweya Hostel – it is a budget accommodation one can use.
6. Camping – this can be done at Mweya, Maramagambo Forest and Ishasha sector. It is wise to take a trip along with camping facilities.
The Rwenzori Mountain is the utmost mountain range in the whole of Africa, with 6 glacial peaks that include Mount Speke, Mount Stanley, Mount Gessi, Mount Emin Pasha, Mount Luigi da Savoia and Mount Baker. The main peaks can be feasibly compared to those of Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya. These two peaks, Margherita (5.109m) and Alexandra (5.083m) on Mount Stanley are audacious for any adventurous mountain hiker in Africa. Rwenzori National Park located in the western part of Uganda on the border of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo cover 998 sq km and was named after the famous Rwenzori Mountains which are also famously referred to as the ‘Mountains of the Moon’.
Rwenzori has unique glacial peaks able to be seen miles away as one travels in the Western part of Uganda. The Rwenzori Mountains offer spectacular landscape to the national park. The mountain slopes are above 1,600m and are a preserve of hikers, who rate the Rwenzoris to be the most challenging of all African mountains. Rwenzori has five various vegetation Zones and these are grassland include (1000-2000m), montane forest (2000-3000m), bamboo/ mimulopsis zone (2500-3500m), Heather/ Rapanea zone (3000-4000m) and the afro-alpine moorland zone (4000-4500m), which has forests of giants heather plants, giant lobelias and groundsels. The Rwenzori mountain vegetation is according to the altitude
Rwenzori Mammals
About 70 mammal species which consist of elephants, chimpanzees, golden cat, yellow-backed duiker, buffaloes, blue monkeys, Rwenzori colobus monkeys, forest hogs, hyrax and leopards plus many more have been recorded.
Rwenzori Birds
The park is gifted with over 177 bird species, these include the; Francolins, illadopsis, robin, Rwenzori turaco, apalis, owl, Archer’s ground robin, Olive Pigeon, cinnamon-chested bee-eater, White Necked Raven, barred long-tailed cuckoo, golden-winged sunbird, Lagden’s bush shrike and Mountain Buzzards plus many other endangered and widespread species which are rare elsewhere.
Rwenzori Tour Activities.
Safari activities at Rwenzori Mountains National Park include:
– Mountain hiking/Climbing tours
– Trekking safaris
– Wildlife tours
– Birding safaris
Visiting tourists are keen to take on the central circuit trail which cover 6 nights 7 days to complete and enables one to see the main peaks. Other shorter hikes can take up to 4 days. Generally, hiking is the well-known vacation activity to undertake in the park and it takes you via all the vegetation zones and leads you to the glacial peaks. Nevertheless, with hiking, the high peaks should be attempted by experienced mountaineers only, for safety reasons. Nature walks that expose one to various animal and bird species are also regularly liked by visitors.
Accommodation.
Kasese town, a close neighbour to Rwenzori has many affordable accommodation facilities of all classes of people. Rwenzori Mountaineering Service also offers accommodation facilities like huts with bunk beds along the central circuit.
Access to Rwenzori.
To get to Rwenzori Mountain National Park, you can either use road transport or air transport means. To reach the Park Headquarters at Nyakalegija, one can either travel to Fort Portal or Kasese, both in Western Uganda. Fort Portal, which is 300km from Kampala, can be reached via Mubende town. Total journey time is about 4hrs. Kasese, which is about 350km from Kampala, can be reached via Masaka, Mbarara and Bushenyi. The Kasese direction, although longer at 6hrs, is plausibly more exciting as it goes through the excellent Queen Elizabeth National Park, an optional pause in your trip. A chartered plane can properly be arranged by AAB Tours and Travel. By air, you land to Kasese airstrip from where you are able to move a short journey to the park.
Health and safety measures while mountaineering
The high attitude and the wet conditions of the Rwenzori and can deficiently affect visitors who are not experienced. Note that the following health problems are possible and you have to be prepared:
1. Hypothermia,
2. Dehydration,
3. Altitude sickness,
4. AMS (Acute Mountain Sickness)
5. HAPE (High altitude sickness pulmonary edema)
6. HACE (High altitude cerebral edema).
What you need for successful mountain hiking
Besides a high level of physical fitness, you ought to ensure that at least the following equipment are in your custody prior to hiking the Rwenzoris;
1. Hiking Boots, Gum boots: A strong set of hiking boots is essential, principally in the early stages of the climb and in the trek across the glaciers. Gum boots are vital equipment in the mud-covered sections of the mountain trail.
2. Rucksack: A powerful waterproof bag is necessary. Most times, Rwenzori can be wet. This will help maintain your essential items dry as you hike.
3. Cooking utensils: If you intend to do your own cooking, a light stove, some plates and cups should be in your possession. It is possible to hire a cook for the trip but still plan to have at least the bare essentials like the plates, cups, forks, knifes and others.
4. Warm stuff: After the first camp, the mountain gets much colder below 10°C and certainly below freezing at some camps. Good warm shirts and pants, a decent sleeping bag are all necessary. A good pair of warm waterproof gloves is necessary for whoever is hiking up to the peaks.
5. Emergency kits: Emergency medication is essential. For a large part of the expedition, you will be at least a day away from even the best emergency services.
6. Food: Most climbers carry their own food. Some food can also be bought at the Park Headquarters. You need energy giving food, glucose packs, sweetened juice mixers, chocolate and dry porridge mix are recommended. No need to carry water as the mountain provides lots of natural, sparkling, safe drinking water.
7. Equipment: All camps have huts but you may wish to carry a tent as it can improve trip flexibility and ensure to bring the common camping gears like the lighter, torch, toiletries, GPS to mention. However keep in mind that while you will have porters to help you out carry your equipment, there is a hard limit (22kg) as to how much each porter will carry: You therefore have to hire more porters if you have lots of kit.
The Park Headquarter has limited number of tents, rucksacks and boots for hire, be sure to speak to them before-hand to establish availability. Park offices also provides crampons, ice axes and ropes for hire, for those planning to try any of the peaks but you may bring your own. Warm objects can usually be bought in Kampala. Food and medicines can be acquired from any decent supermarket in Kampala or Kasese.
Rwenzori Mountain Climbing Tips
Arranging your Rwenzori trek is not significantly different from planning any other trip. Keeping in mind that trekking necessitates a large measure of constant physical energy for days up to the end where definite fundamental rules are relevant. One should also be reasonably fit, with good cardiovascular and respiratory performance.
Excellent information for Rwenzori Climbers
1. Be on familiar terms with your body: Don’t set your body through more pressure than it can handle. Once you tired, take a rest. Hiking should not be taken on like a competition. At higher altitudes especially from day 3 and beyond, watch out for signs of “Altitude Sickness” (brought on by low oxygen), which include shortness of breath, headache, loss of appetite. Harsh Altitude Sickness can be critical. Keep your guides informed of how you are feeling, so that they can give advice to you as a result. Do not assume your situation will automatically get better.
2. Safety First: Mountain rescue is a complex and dangerous undertaking. Certainly at camps like Kitandara, an evacuation will usually take two days and involves a host of porters and rangers.
3. Energy foods: Eating energy foods will greatly boost your experience as it will trim down exhaustion. Sugary snacks like chocolates, glucose biscuits and many more are generally very helpful all along the hike. Salty snacks like crackers help prevent muscle cramps.
4. Drink Lots of Water: Water is fine for you, principally at higher altitudes, where it helps reduce the effects of altitude illness. Clean drinking water is in plenty on the mountain from a number of springs.
5. Keep Warm: keeping warm will assist in good spirits as it prevents sickness. At higher altitudes, it is likely to fall with no notice: A warm pair of waterproof gloves is advised.
6. Interact With The Guides: Uganda Wildlife Authority has trained Park guides. Speak to your guides; ask questions as much as possible. The relationship you create with your guides, rangers and porters, the more they will share attention-grabbing insights.
7. Sunburn: look out for sun burn. Wear a top and if your skin colour calls for it, wear a sunscreen.
